PARN_HUMAN
Evidence for PS localization
Functions
3-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3-end poly(A) tail and the 5-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization (PubMed, PubMed, PubMed, PubMed, PubMed). Also able to recognize and trim poly(A) tails of microRNAs such as MIR21 and H/ACA box snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs) leading to microRNAs degradation or snoRNA increased stability (PubMed, PubMed). [View more on UniProt]
Protein features
Binary interactions with known binding regions
To display all evidence describing the interaction with a partner, click on the protein name left to the bars.
Network
Isoforms
Disease-causing germline mutations
| Position | Amino acid | Mutation | Disease | Overlap with binding region |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 383 | Ala | Val | Dyskeratosiscongenita,autosomalrecessive,6(DKCB6) | - |
| 421 | Lys | Arg | Pulmonaryfibrosis,and/orbonemarrowfailure,telomere-related,4(PFBMFT4) | - |
Linear motifs
No annotated instance was found. To search for linear motifs, use the ELM prediction server.
Fingerprint
Molecular function
| Term | Name | % | Distance from the top of the tree | Annotated in PARN_HUMAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding | 80.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0003729 | mRNA binding | 28.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0046872 | metal ion binding | 24.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0019900 | kinase binding | 20.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0019901 | protein kinase binding | 20.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0003730 | mRNA 3-UTR binding | 16.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0000175 | 3-5-exoribonuclease activity | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0004518 | nuclease activity | 8.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0004527 | exonuclease activity | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0004532 | exoribonuclease activity | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0004535 | poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity | 8.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:0004540 | ribonuclease activity | 8.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0008408 | 3-5 exonuclease activity | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0016796 | exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5-phosphomonoesters | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0016896 | exoribonuclease activity, producing 5-phosphomonoesters | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0070034 | telomerase RNA binding | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
Biological process
| Term | Name | % | Distance from top the of the tree | Annotated in PARN_HUMAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0048523 | negative regulation of cellular process | 56.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0009892 | negative regulation of metabolic process | 52.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0010468 | regulation of gene expression | 52.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0010605 | negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process | 52.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0031323 | regulation of cellular metabolic process | 52.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0031324 | negative regulation of cellular metabolic process | 52.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0051171 | regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process | 52.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0051172 | negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process | 52.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0060255 | regulation of macromolecule metabolic process | 52.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0080090 | regulation of primary metabolic process | 52.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0048522 | positive regulation of cellular process | 48.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0090304 | nucleic acid metabolic process | 48.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0009889 | regulation of biosynthetic process | 44.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0010556 | regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process | 44.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0016070 | RNA metabolic process | 44.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0019219 | regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | 44.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0031326 | regulation of cellular biosynthetic process | 44.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0051252 | regulation of RNA metabolic process | 44.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0009059 | macromolecule biosynthetic process | 44.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0044271 | cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process | 44.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0010608 | post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression | 40.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0006412 | translation | 40.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0006518 | peptide metabolic process | 40.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0034645 | cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process | 40.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0043043 | peptide biosynthetic process | 40.0000 | 5 | no |
| GO:0043603 | cellular amide metabolic process | 40.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0043604 | amide biosynthetic process | 40.0000 | 5 | no |
| GO:1901566 | organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process | 40.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0006396 | RNA processing | 36.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0009893 | positive regulation of metabolic process | 36.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0010604 | positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process | 36.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0010629 | negative regulation of gene expression | 36.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0031325 | positive regulation of cellular metabolic process | 36.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0051173 | positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process | 36.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0002181 | cytoplasmic translation | 36.0000 | 5 | no |
| GO:0045934 | negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | 32.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0009057 | macromolecule catabolic process | 28.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0009891 | positive regulation of biosynthetic process | 28.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0009894 | regulation of catabolic process | 28.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0010557 | positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process | 28.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0016071 | mRNA metabolic process | 28.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0031328 | positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process | 28.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0031329 | regulation of cellular catabolic process | 28.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0044265 | cellular macromolecule catabolic process | 28.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0045935 | positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | 28.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0051253 | negative regulation of RNA metabolic process | 28.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0071310 | cellular response to organic substance | 28.0000 | 4 | no |
| GO:0006417 | regulation of translation | 28.0000 | 6 | no |
| GO:0034248 | regulation of cellular amide metabolic process | 28.0000 | 5 | no |
| GO:0051246 | regulation of protein metabolic process | 28.0000 | 5 | no |
| GO:2000112 | regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process | 28.0000 | 6 | no |
| GO:0000956 | nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process | 24.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0006401 | RNA catabolic process | 24.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0006402 | mRNA catabolic process | 24.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0019439 | aromatic compound catabolic process | 24.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0034470 | ncRNA processing | 24.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0034655 | nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process | 24.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0034660 | ncRNA metabolic process | 24.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0044270 | cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process | 24.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0046700 | heterocycle catabolic process | 24.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:1901361 | organic cyclic compound catabolic process | 24.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0009890 | negative regulation of biosynthetic process | 24.0000 | 5 | no |
| GO:0010558 | negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process | 24.0000 | 6 | no |
| GO:0031327 | negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process | 24.0000 | 6 | no |
| GO:0000184 | nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay | 20.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:0009895 | negative regulation of catabolic process | 20.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0031330 | negative regulation of cellular catabolic process | 20.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0051052 | regulation of DNA metabolic process | 20.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0051128 | regulation of cellular component organization | 20.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0031123 | RNA 3-end processing | 16.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0032204 | regulation of telomere maintenance | 16.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0033043 | regulation of organelle organization | 16.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0033044 | regulation of chromosome organization | 16.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0043412 | macromolecule modification | 16.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0043489 | RNA stabilization | 16.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0051054 | positive regulation of DNA metabolic process | 16.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:1902369 | negative regulation of RNA catabolic process | 16.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0051130 | positive regulation of cellular component organization | 12.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0051338 | regulation of transferase activity | 12.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:1904356 | regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening | 12.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0000289 | nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening | 8.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:0000495 | box H/ACA RNA 3-end processing | 8.0000 | 10 | yes |
| GO:0007292 | female gamete generation | 8.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0009451 | RNA modification | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0010586 | miRNA metabolic process | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0010587 | miRNA catabolic process | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0010638 | positive regulation of organelle organization | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0016074 | sno(s)RNA metabolic process | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0031126 | sno(s)RNA 3-end processing | 8.0000 | 9 | yes |
| GO:0032206 | positive regulation of telomere maintenance | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0032210 | regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0032212 | positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase | 8.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:0033979 | box H/ACA RNA metabolic process | 8.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:0034661 | ncRNA catabolic process | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0034964 | box H/ACA RNA processing | 8.0000 | 9 | yes |
| GO:0043085 | positive regulation of catalytic activity | 8.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:0043144 | sno(s)RNA processing | 8.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:0043628 | small regulatory ncRNA 3-end processing | 8.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:0051347 | positive regulation of transferase activity | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0051972 | regulation of telomerase activity | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0051973 | positive regulation of telomerase activity | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0071051 | polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3-end processing | 8.0000 | 10 | yes |
| GO:0090305 | nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0090501 | RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:0090503 | RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, exonucleolytic | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:0090669 | telomerase RNA stabilization | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| GO:0110008 | ncRNA deadenylation | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:1904358 | positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening | 8.0000 | 8 | yes |
| GO:1904872 | regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body | 8.0000 | 4 | yes |
| GO:2000278 | regulation of DNA biosynthetic process | 8.0000 | 6 | yes |
| GO:2000573 | positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
| GO:2001252 | positive regulation of chromosome organization | 8.0000 | 7 | yes |
Disease
| Term | Name | % | Distance from top the of the tree | Annotated in PARN_HUMAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOID:0070024 | autosomal recessive dyskeratosis congenita 6 | 8.0000 | 5 | yes |
| DOID:2729 | dyskeratosis congenita | 8.0000 | 4 | yes |
| DOID:37 | skin disease | 8.0000 | 3 | yes |
All partners
| Uniprot ID | Details | Highest evidence | Localizing into PSD | HPA (protein expression in neurons) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BARD1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Low throughput | no | yes |
| ZCCHV_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Low throughput | no | yes |
| NCBP1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Low throughput | no | yes |
| PABP1_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | Low throughput | yes | yes |
| CSTF2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Low throughput | no | yes |
| PARN_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | Low throughput | yes | yes |
| FUBP2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Low throughput | no | yes |
| CSTF1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Low throughput | no | yes |
| MAPK2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Low throughput | no | yes |
| UBP7_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| MPH6_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| SPC1L_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| TULP3_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| CARME_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| H11_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| TEAD4_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| BYST_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| TSR1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| CNKR2_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | no |
| ESR1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| RS6_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| TP53B_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| MDC1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| PALS2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| RENT1_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| RENT2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| REN3A_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| SIR7_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| PSG1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| FOXA1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| DCPS_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| H2A1B_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| DYR1A_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| CPEB1_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | no |
| BRD4_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| P53_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| NBR1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| RS16_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| PIGF_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| RL27A_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| UBE3C_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| LGI2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| K0408_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | no |
| B9D2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| H2A1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| ZKSC8_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| ZN677_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| RL26L_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| PURG_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| MAGB2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| RBM19_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| UGGG2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| RL23A_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| ZBT44_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| PRR3_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| RS13_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| SRSF2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| PAIRB_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| MED17_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| RYBP_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| SURF6_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| KRR1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| LC7L2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| DOK4_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| BBS1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| ANR49_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| MND1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| DHX37_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| RS11_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| UT14A_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| SLX9_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| FAS_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | no |
| LDLR_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| SUMO2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| IF4A3_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| ILF3_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| NXF1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| FANCI_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| JHD2C_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| GWL_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| NCOR1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| RS15A_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| RRP12_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| SIR1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| YETS2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| SMG7_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| BCOR_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| DACH1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| ESS2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| ZBT21_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| ZSC18_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| CSTF3_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| BRE1B_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| H31_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| NCOR2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| NFIC_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| RBM5_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| NADAP_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| TRPS1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | no |
| SHLD2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| RPA34_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| DDX23_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| MK67I_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| NOP56_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| PARP1_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| RL31_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| RS24_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | High throughput | yes | yes |
| TE2IP_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| ZN330_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| TAXB1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | High throughput | no | yes |
| SYMPK_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| IF4A1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | no |
| EXOS4_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| XRN1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| EXOS3_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| IF4G1_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | Computational | yes | yes |
| IL8_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | no |
| EXOS5_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| PAIP1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| IF4A2_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | Computational | yes | yes |
| RRP44_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| DCP2_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| PNDC1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | no |
| CELF1_HUMAN | [view interactions] | Computational | no | yes |
| GLD2_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | Computational | yes | no |
| IF4E_HUMAN | [view entry] [view interactions] | Computational | yes | yes |